Municipal and public infrastructure
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Digital twin
A digital representation of a physical asset, system or process that is connected to its real-world counterpart so that data flows between them and the representation stays current enough to support decisions.
Prompt payment
Legislation that sets mandatory deadlines for paying construction invoices down the contract chain and gives unpaid parties fast remedies, such as adjudication.
Tender
A formal, competitive bid submitted in response to an owner's call for bids, offering to perform defined work on stated terms; also the process of calling and evaluating such bids.
Unit price contract
A construction contract priced on rates per unit of work (per cubic metre, tonne, linear metre and so on), with payment based on the quantities actually installed and measured.